History
1200
General
Population: 400 Million*
- Entertainment: Robert de Borron collects Roman de Merlin and Fabliaux
Bard music in Ireland
Icelandic sagas begin to be written
Hartmann von Aue writes Der arme Heinrich a German epic poem
"Faux bourdon" style in English music
Sitar invented in India
Cymbals introduced as musical instrument
"Carmina Burana" the German collection of Latin monastic songs gathered (music in 1937)
Aristotle's writings become available to Latin scholars – writings banned by Papacy until 1250
Greenlander's Saga written
- Fashion: Engagement rings come into fashion
- Medicine: Alcohol used for medical purposes
- Religion: Development of Jewish cabalistic philosophy in southern Europe
Islam begins to replace Indian religions
- Technology: Compass first used in Europe
English develop longbow
- Deaths: Chinese philosopher Chu-His
Africa
- Egypt: Failure of Nile to rise brings famine and cannibalism
- Ethiopia: King Lalibela cuts churches from rocks
- Mali: Empire of Ghana replaced with the Empire of Mali as Moslems decline - Ghana falls to Almoravide
- Morocco: Jews in Morocco given some privileges
- Zimbabwe: Great Enclosure built
Americas
- US Area: Hohokam of AZ build religious platforms
Cahokia in N America (temple mounds) at height of power
Decline of Pueblo people
Cliff apartments in Colorado
Hunac Ceel revolts against Maya of Chichén Itzá and sets up new capital at Mayapan
Construction of temple mounds at Moundsville, AL
- Mexico: Aztecs enter valley of Mexico
- South America: Incas in Peru settle around Cuzco under Manco Capac, empire expands
Peru's Chimú people conquer coastal valleys and begin imperial expansion
Asia
- Cambodia: End of Cambodia's Khmer civilization
- China: First explosive rockets and defensive use of gunpowder against Mongols
- India: End Khmer civilization
Start of the spread of Islam and decline of Buddhism
- Tibet: Tibet becomes part of Mongol-ruled China
Europe
- General: Peace of Le Goulet between England and France
- Austria: Duke Leopold VI of Austria builds Burg (castle) in Vienna
- England: Llywelyn the Great seizes Anglesey
Cambridge U founded
Early Gothic architecture in England
- France: Paris becomes modern capital
University of Paris founded
Reims Cathedral begun
- Iceland: Icelandic sagas begin to be written
- Ireland: Starvation due to cold
- Italian States: Italian towns have become city-states
- Lithuania: Start of Grand Duchy of Lithania
Middle East
- Byzantine Empire: 60,000 Italian merchants live and work in Constantinople
Pacific
- Tui Tonga monarchy builds platforms in Tonga
- Maori legend reports meteor and crater
- First Chiefdoms in Polynesia
- Tahitians migrate to Hawaii and win control over earlier settlers
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