History
1241
General
Population: 413 Million*
- Entertainment: Master of Naumburg sculpts at Meissen, Mainz and Naumburg
- Religion: Death of Pope Gregory IX – Pope Celestine IV (Goffredo Castiglioni) reigns for 17 days and dies
- Technology: German Hanseatic League introduces rudder and bowsprit for sailing
- Deaths: Snorri Sturluson the Icelandic poet and historian, Pope Gregory IX, Mongol leader Ogadai Khan
Asia
- Mongols ravage E Europe and annex Russian principalities
Europe
- General: Battle of Leignitz, Silesia – Mongols defeat Germans, invade Poland and Hungary, but death of leader Ughetai (Ogodai) forces them to withdraw from Europe
- German States: Lubeck and Hamburg form a Hansa (association) for trade and mutual protection