History
1303
General
Population: 434 Million*
- Astronomy: Halley's Comet
- Climate: Start of "little ice age" as medieval warm period ends
- Religion: Pope Boniface VIII quarrels with Philip IV of France over taxes and is captured by Guillaume de Nogaret - dies a prisoner in the Vatican
Pope rescued by citizens of Anagni but dies soon after
Death of Pope Boniface VIII ends conflict between Pope and France
Clement V elected pope
- Technology: Bernard of Gordon makes first medical reference to spectacles
Europe
- England: Edward I increases free trade in England
- France: Pope Boniface VIII quarrels with Philip IV of France and is captured by Guillaume de Nogaret - dies a prisoner in the Vatican
- Italian States: Rome U founded
Pope rescued by citizens of Anagni
Middle East
- Knights Templar last to leave out of Palestine