PEACH

History

1521

Population: 477 Million*

Entertainment: Writers include Machiavelli, Melanchthon (the Lutheran dogma)
Art includes Lorenzo Lotto "Virgin and Child with Spain", Palma Becchio "Adoration"
Religion: Death of Pope Leo X (Giovanni de' Medici)
Ignatius Loyola begins to formulate Exercitae
Deaths: Composer Josquin des Pres, Satirist Sebastian Brant, Navigator Ferdinand Magellan, Pope Leo X (Giovanni de' Medici) of malaria, Edward Stafford Duke of Buckingham (executed), King Manuel I of Portugal
Explorer Juan Ponce de Leon

Brazil: Portugese begin to colonize Brazil in the reign of João III
Mexico: Disease ravages Mexico City
Cortés encounters Tlaxcala nation north of Mexico City – first mention and Zapotec Kingdom near Oaxaca
Hernán Cortés assumes control of Mexico after destruction of Aztec state – Moctezuma II taken prisoner
North America: Francisco de Gordillo explores American Atlantic up to South Carolina
South America: Cortes decimates Aztec empire
Juan Ponce de Leon dies in conflict with natives

General: France and Spain at war over claims to Italy to 1529
England: Edward Stafford Duke of Buckingham and potential claimant to the English throne executed by order of Henry VIII
Pope Leo X confers title "Defender of the Faith" on King Henry VIII for article against Luther
Famine in England increases prices and death
France: Manufacture of silk introduced to France
France's Francis I orders reformers silenced
German States: Luther cross-examined before Diet of Worms by Cardinal Alexander – banned from HRE and begins German translation of the Bible
Charles V condemns Luther at Diet of Worms - would have been burned, but saved by local leader Elector Frederick
Saxon prince Frederick the Wise protects Luther
Holy Roman Empire: Charles V grants brother Ferdinand some Hapsburg possessions and rights in Austria – Ferdinand marries Anne of Hungary – Louis II of Hungary marries Mary of Austria
Hungary: Sultan Suleiman I conquers Belgrade – begins to invade Hungary
Portugal: King Manuel I of Portugal dies – son John III the Pious succeeds him
Portugese Parliament ceases to meet
Lisbon and Oporto licensed as monopoly ports for trade with Brazil
Sweden: Gustaf Eriksson – Gustav Vasa (future king Gustaf I of Sweden) leads Swedish resistance to Christian II and Danish rule