History
1544
General
Population: 495 Million*
- Entertainment: Writers include Matteo Bandello (lyric poetry)
- Mathematics: Michael Stifel writes "Arithmetica integra"
- Religion: Pope Paul III calls general council for 1545 in Trent
- Science: Georg Agricola initiates study in physical geology
Luca Ghini publishes first herbarium
Sebastian Munster writes "Cosmographia generalis"
- Deaths: Poet Clement Marot, Composer Benedictus Ducis
Americas
- Peru: Silver mines in Potosi Peru discovered
Europe
- General: Henry VIII and Charles V invade France
Treaty of Crepy between France and Spain The "Mary Rose" sinks
- England: St. Bartholomew's Hospital in London refounded
Line of succession named – Edward, Mary, then Elizabeth
- France: Italian painter Francesco Primaticcio works at Fontainebleau
- German States: University of Konigsberg founded
- Hungary: Typhus in Hungary decimates Imperial army
- Sweden: Act of hereditary settlement fixes Swedish succession in male line