PEACH

History

1559

Population: 507 Million*

Entertainment: Writers include Jorge de Montemayor La Diana, Thomas Sackville Induction (Early Elizabethan lit), Mattias Flacius Ecclesiastica historica,
Art includes Brueghel "Proverbs", Titian "Diana and Calliste"
Food: Ice cream accidentally discovered in Italy
Medicine: Realdo Colombo describes position and posture of human embryo
Religion: Death of Pope Paul IV – Giovanni Angelo de Medici elected Pope Pius IV
Pope Pius IV issues Index of Prohibited Books - first best-seller list
Deaths: Composer Clement Janequin, Henry II of France (jousting), King Christian III of Denmark and Norway, Pope Paul IV, Painter at Japanese court Kano Motonobu, Composer Jachet da Mantova, Mathematician Adam Riese

General: Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis ends Italian wars between Spain and France - France gives up possessions except Toul Metz and Verdun – Spain controls most
Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis where France gives up some Italian claims to Habsburgs
Denmark: Death of King Christian III of Denmark and Norway – Frederick II rules
England: Elizabeth becomes head of Church of England - Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity restore Protestant Church
Elizabeth sought religious centrism and both extremes took umbrage - starts leaning Protestant doctrinally
Robert Lord Dudley becomes Elizabeth I's favorite
Elizabethan prayer book created
France: Death of Henry II of France killed in tournament while jousting (celebrating peace in Italy) and Catherine de Medici (wife) becomes regent of France – succeeded by son Francis II - The Cardinal of Guise takes control
Holland: Margaret of Parma sister of Philip II becomes Regent of Netherlands
Italian States: Inquisition reaches Florence – Cosimo Medici burns books as token
Scotland: Mary Queen of Scots - wife of Francis of France - assumes title of Queen of England
Knox brings reformation to Scotland
Spain: Building of Escorial palace outside of Madrid
Switzerland: University of Geneva founded
Calvin founds Geneva Academy (national convention of Huguenots)