PEACH

History

1590

Population: 531 Million*

Entertainment: Writers include Robert Greene (pamphlets), Thomas Lodge Rosalynde (pastoral romance), Marlowe The Jew of Malta (tragedy), George Peele (verse), Shakespeare Henry IV, Battista Guarini (pastoral play), Edmund Spenser The Faerie Queene, Robert Wilson (morality play), Jose de Acosta (moral states of "de las Indias"),
Art includes Giovanni da Bologna "Mercury", El Greco "St. Jerome"
Music includes Emilio dé Cavalieri (musical pastoral fable),
Exploration: Drake, Hawkins, and Frobisher return from unsuccessful expedition to Spanish coast
Fashion: Women start to wear whalebone farthingale under dresses (hoops) – skirt stands out two feet from hips
Medicine: Paré modernizes surgery - see 1591
Religion: Death of Pope Sixtus V – Cardinal Giovanni Battista Castagna becomes Pope Urban VII and dies 12 days later – Cardinal Niccolò Sfondrato (Sfondrati) becomes Pope Gregory XIV
Science: Galileo describes experiments on dropping various bodies
Vogelsang carves dragon statue based on skull of wooly rhino
Deaths: Goldsmith and sculptor Leone Leoni, Surgeon Ambroise Pare, Artist Anonzo Sanchez Coello, Statesman Sir Francis Walsingham, Author Johann Fischart, Pope Sixtus V, Pope Urban VII

General: Catholic League proclaims Cardinal de Bourbon King Charles X (dies 5 months later)
England: First English paper mill at Dartford
Gaol fever (typhus) outbreak
France: French wars of religion end as leading nobles struggle under weak Valois kings
Henry IV lays siege to Paris - famine begins
Battle of Ivry – Henry IV wins against Roman Catholics
German States: Coal mining begins in the Ruhr
Holland: Dutch spectacle-makers Hans and Zacharias Janssen invent compound microscope
Italian States: Italian commedia company begins activities
Villa Medici completed in Rome
Scotland: James VI of Scotland marries Anne of Denmark

General: Shah Abbas I of Persia abandons Tabriz and Georgia and makes peace with Turkey
Ottoman Empire: Peace is agreed between Ottomans and Safavids (Persians) leaving Ottoman frontier at Caspian sea