History
1613
General
Population: 542 Million*
- Beginning of the Enlightenment with Galileo's publications
- Entertainment: Writers include William Browne Brittania's Pastorals, Cervantes Novelas ejemplares, Geirge Chapman (tragedy),
Lope de Vega Fuenteovejuna, Oliver de Serra The Causes of Wealth, Francisco Suarez (defense of Catholocism),
Art includes Guido Reni (Roman frescoes)
Music includes Pietro Cerone (writes about musical theory)
- Finance: Copper coins come into use
- Science: Galileo publishes Letters on the Solar Spots where he advocates heliocentrism
- Sports: John Dennys writes about angling
- Deaths: Diplomat Sir Thomas Bodley - Bodlein Library at Oxford, Composer Bortolomaus Gese, Prince of Transylvania Stephen Bocsakai, Satirist Mathurin Regnier
Americas
- Canada: Samuel de Champlain explores Ottawa River to Alumette Island
French fur trading route opens
English colonists in Virginia destroy French settlement of Port Royal (Nova Scotia)
Asia
- General: English begin trading with Japan from base in India
- India: Mogul Emperor Jahangir allows English merchants to settle at Seurat
Europe
- General: End of War of Calmar between Denmark and Sweden with Peace of Knarod
Protestant Union of Germany signs treaty of alliance with Holland
Elizabeth daughter of James I marries Frederick V of the Palatinate
- England: Lady Frances Howard the divorced wife of Earl of Essex marries Earl of Somerset – James I favorite
Francis Bacon becomes attorney general
Fire destroys Globe Theater in London
Hugh Myddleton constructs "New River" cut to bring water to London
Robert Ker named Earl of Somerset
- France: Salomon de Brosse builds Chateau Coulommiers
- German States: Ulster, forfeited to the crown after Tyrone's rebellion, planted by Protestant settlers
- Holland: Amsterdam Exchange built
- Holy Roman Empire: Monteverdi made maestro di cappella at St. Mark's in Venice
- Hungary: Reign of Bethlen Gabor begins
Turks invade
- Ireland: Belfast granted charter of incorporation
- Russia: End of "Time of Troubles"
Michael Romanov son of patriarch of Moscow elected Czar starting Romanov dynasty
Poles expelled
Middle East
- Ottoman Empire: Turks invade Hungary
General
- Pochahontas captured by British
English colonists in Virginia destroy French settlement of Port Royal Nova Scotia and prevent French colonization of Maryland,