General
Population: 543 Million*
- Entertainment: Writers include Francisco Gomez de Quevedo (play about hell and judgment day), Michael Drayton, Ivan Gundulic (Croatian epic),
Charles Sorel (satirical novel), Gebriel Naude (library science), Alessandro Tassoni (attacking house of Savoy), Francis Bacon New Atlantis (posthumous - proposing new museums)
Art includes Frans Hals "The Merry Drinker", Rembrandt "The Money-Changer", Reubens
Music includes Heinrich Schutz (opera)
- Religion: Lope de Vega made theological doctor by the Pope
- Science: Johann Kepler compiles Rudolphine Tables giving places of over 1000 fixed stars
Extinction of Aurochs (cattle)
- Deaths: Sculptor Adriaen de Vries, Composer Lodovico Grossi Viadana, Dramatist Thomas Middleton, Duke of Mantua Vincent II (Gonzaga),
Poet Luis de Gongora y Argote
Collegium de Propaganda Fide founded,
Africa
- End of Africa's Republic of Salè - start of Republic of Bou Regreg
Americas
- Canada: "Company of New France" incorporated by Richelieu
Asia
- India: Shah Jahan succeeds father Jahangir to become Great Mogul
- Korea: Manchus overrun Korea - Korea becomes tributary
Europe
- General: Richelieu signs treaty with Spain
Wallenstein conquers Silesia – Tilly Brunswick – imperial forces take Mecklenburg and Jutland – Christian IV withdraws to Denmark
- Czechoslovakia: Bohemian constitution confirms rule of Habsburgs
- England: Charles I grants charter to the Fuiana Company
- France: Huguenots rise again – Under siege in La Rochelle - George Villers the Duke of Buckingham sails from Portsmouth with a fleet to aid them in defense of La Rochelle – Catholics win
- German States: Imperial forces under Counts Tilly and Wallenstein subdue protestant Germany
- Italian States: Vincent II Duke of Mantua last of the Gonzages dies – Charles Duke of Nevers claims succession
Claude Lorrain arrives in Rome
- Sweden: Swedish South Sea Company founded
Middle East
- General: End of war between Persia and Turkey