PEACH

History

1665

Population: 570 Million*

Entertainment: Writers include Pierre de Brantome (posthumous), Richard Head (picturesque novel), Jean de la Fontaine (verse), La Rouchefoulcald, Molière Don Juan, Racine Alezandre le Grand, John Bunyan The Holy City, Jacques Godefroy edits Codex Theodosianus, John Eliot Communion of Churches printed in Massachusetts, Izaal Walton (biography of Richard Hooker), Spinoza
Art includes Bernini sculpture, Murillo "Rest on the Flight into Egypt", Rembrandt "The Jewish Bride" and finishes The Return of the Prodigal Son, Adriaen van Ostade "The Physician in His Study", Vermeer "The Artist's Studio"
Music includes Heinrich Schutz,
Medicine: Peter Chamberlen invents midwifery forceps
Religion: Five-Mile Act puts restrictions on nonconformist ministers
Science: Giovanni Cassini determines rotations of Jupiter Mars and Venus
Grancis Grimaldi explains diffractions of light
Robert Hooke writes about the microscope
Isaac Newton experiments on gravitation and invents differential calculus
Kircher publishes Mundus Subtterraneus
Deaths: Dramatist Sasmuel Coster, Painter Nicolas Poussin, Mathematician Pierre de Fermat, Philip IV of Spain

U of Kiel founded,

General: Allied British and Portuguese defeat Spanish army at Montes Claros and Villa Viciosa – Portuguese independence
Royal observatories in Paris and Greenwich
Outbreak of second Anglo-Dutch war to 1667
Denmark: Absolutism introduced into Denmark by Lez Regia
England: Great plague of London - eventually kills 68,596 in London alone
"Philosophical Transactions" first scientific journal in England
First issue of London Gazette
Physician peer-review system established
English fleet defeats Dutch off Lowestoft
France: Journal des Savants – literary journal started in Paris
Louis XIV of France claims Spanish Netherlands
German States: Prince Archbishop of Munster sells 7,000 subjects as soldiers
Holland: English fleet defeats Dutch off Lowestoft
French claim Spanish Netherlands
Italian States: Bernini finishes high altar in St. Peter's at Rome
Portugal: Independence when British and Portuguese defeat Spanish
Spain: Death of Philip IV of Spain – son Charles II rules – last Habsburg kings