PEACH

History

1861

Population: 1.27 Billion*

Entertainment: Writers include Dickens (Great Expectations), Dostoevsky (The House of the Dead), Oliver Wendell Holmes, George Eliot (Silas Marner), Charles Reade, Mrs. Henry Wood, Vladimir Dahl (Russian dictionary), Ferdinand Lasalle (rights), Herbert Spencer (education), Arthur P Stanley (Eastern church), Mrs. Beeton (household management)
Art includes Corot ("Orphee Le Repos"),
Music includes Wagner's "Tannhauser" which caused Paris scandal
Medicine: Semmelweis writes about "Childbed Fever"
Koch introduces Germ Theory
Religion: Horner proposes removing 4004 BC creation date from English Bible
Science: Broca of France studies brain damage
Archaeopteryx skeleton discovered in Germany
Crookes discovers thallium
Pasteur creates germ theory of fermentation
Technology: Otto produces gas engine
Mort builds first machine-chilled cold storage unit
Siemens-Martin open-hearth steelmaking process begins in Germany
Deaths: Jurist Friedrich Karl von Savigny, Jurist John McLean, Dramatist Eugene Scribe, COmposer Heinrich Marschner, Frederick William IV of Prussia, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Statesman Count Camillo Cavour, Prince Albert, Pedro V of Portugal, Novelist Henri Murger, Sultan Abdul Mejid of Turkey,

Mexico: Reign of Benito Juarez and End of War of Reform
British and French forces arrive in Mexico to enforce payment of debt

France: States of Menton and Roquebrune annexed
Charles Garnier designs Paris Opera
Great Britain: Sandringham House built in Norfolk as country residence of Queen Victoria
Royal Academy of Music in London founded
Daily weather forecasts are begun
First horse-drawn trams
Prince Albert dies
Population of Shetland islands reaches 32,000 – high point
End of 15 years of Irish migration high with two million migrating
Italy: Collapse of Papal States – Kingdom of Italy founded
King of Naples surrenders to Garibaldi at Gaeta
Italy proclaimed a united kingdom by Parliament (except Rome and Venice) with Victor Emmanuel II as king at Piedmont
Kingdom of Sardinia annexed
Monaco: Independence from France
Poland: Warsaw Massacre – troops fire at demonstrators against Russian rule
Portugal: Death of Pedro V of Portugal – succeeded by Louis I
Prussia: Death of Frederick William IV and brother William I rules
Krupp begins arms production in Essen
Romania: Formation of country from Moldavia and Wallachia - Serbia backs revolt against Turks in Herzegovina
Russia: Czar Alexander II abolishes serfdom

Ottoman Empire: Death of Sultan Abdul Mejid of Turkey – succeeded by brother Abdul Aziz