PEACH

History

1864

Population: 1.29 Billion*

Entertainment: Writers include Dickens, Jules de Goncourt, Henrik Ibsen, Wilhelm Raabe, Tolstoy (War and Peace), Anthony Torllope, Cesare Lombroso, Cardinal Newman, Lewis Carroll writes Alice in Wonderland
Music includes Bruckner, Offenbach, Brahms
Exploration: Sir Samuel White Baker discovers Lake Albert
Medicine: Joseph Lister begins studying, practicing antiseptic practices
Religion: Pope Pius IX denounces freedom of religion, separation of church and state, and accuses Jews of seeking world domination in Syllabus Errorum
Science: Pasteur invents germ theory and Pasteurization – initially for wine
Bertrand writes about differential and integral calculus
Deaths: US Supreme Court Chief Justice Roger B. Taney, Architect Leo von Klenze, Composer Giacomo Meyerbeer, Poet John Clare, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Caricaturist John Leech, Author Walter Savage Landor, Musician Stephen Foster, Socialist Ferdinand Lasalle,

Canada: Government collapse
Mexico: Archduke Maximilian of Austria (Habsburg) accepts Mexican crown (from France) and he and his wife made Emperor and Empress of Mexico
Paraguay: War of Triple Alliance (Paraguay Uruguay and Brazil) fought against Argentina - also called "Paraguayan War"

Bangladesh: Cyclone
China: End of Taiping rebellion with fall of Nanking
India: Cyclone hits Bengal - Calcutta cyclone kills 50,000 and then 30,000 more from disease
Ganges overflows due to high cyclone winds and 45,000 die with 40-foot sea wave
Japan: Expedition of British, Dutch, French and Americans – bombards Shimonoseki

Austria: Free press founded in Vienna
Denmark: Schleswig-Holstein War - Austria and Prussia send ultimatum to Denmark – troops enter Schleswig – Danish forces defeated at Duppel and Denmark invaded – London conference tries to solve problem but in Peace of Vienna Denmark cedes Schleswig, Holstein, and Lauenburg to Austria and Prussia
Great Britain: First International Workingmen's Association founded by Karl Mark in London
Octavia Hill begins London tenement-dwelling reforms
Greece: Greeks occupy island of Corfu in Mediterranean
Italy: Italy renounces claim to Rome – Florence made capital in place of Turin
Archaeologist Giovanni B de Rossi publishes results of exploration of Roman catacombs
Poland: Rebellion against Russian rule
Prussia: Deutsche Shakespeare-Gesellschaft founded at Weimar
Death of Maximilian II of Bavaria and Ludwig (Louis) II King of Bavaria becomes fan of Wagner and his music
Russia: Social reforms introduced
Switzerland: Geneva Convention establishes neutrality of battlefield medical facilities
Red Cross founded in Switzerland by Henri Dunant
First ascent of the Matterhorn