General
Population: 1.30 Billion*
- Entertainment: Writers include Marx (Das Kapital), Charles de Coster, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Ouida, Trollope, Turgenev, Zola, Ibsen, Twain, Walter Bagehot (English constitution), EA Freeman (Norse history)
Art includes Cezanne Rape, Millais Boyhood of Raleigh,
Music includes Bizet, Gounod (Romeo and Juliet), Offenbach, Johann Strauss II (Blue Danube), AS Sullivan, Verdi (Don Carlos)
- Medicine: Lister applies carbolic antiseptic during surgery
- Religion: Pope Pius IX decides to hold ecumenical council
- Science: Lister publishes regarding antiseptics
- Technology: Nobel invents TNT
Michaux begins to manufacture bicycles
Monier patents reinforced concrete process
Stock ticker invented based on Morse code
Thomson (Lord Kelvin) invents syphon recorder
- Deaths: Artist J.A.D. Ingres, Artist Peter von Cornelius, Physicist Michael Faraday, Composer M.I. Glinka, Artist Theodore Rousseau, Poet Charles Baudelaire, Poet Henry Timrod, Poet Alexander Smith, Humorist Artemus Ward (Charles Farrar Browne),
Gunung-Salak volcano kills many and pollutes waters leading to 22 years of epidemics for natives,
, Railroad completed through Brenner Pass, ,
Africa
- Algeria: Maronite Catholic sect member Karam goes to Algeria – Maronites helped the Crusaders and were protected by France since 1638
- Congo: Livingstone explores Congo
- Egypt: Suez canal opens
- South Africa: Diamonds discovered in Kimberly by Boer child who likes pebbles - 21.25 carats
Americas
- Canada: Dominion of Canada created under British North America Act
O Canada written
MacDonald becomes Premier
Canada takes control of Manitoba
- Mexico: End of French interference with emperor Maximilian from Austria governing - Napoleon III withdraws support
Benito Juárez becomes Mexican president again executing Maximillian
- Virgin Islands: Tsunami
Asia
- Japan: Shogun Yoshinobu abdicates and Emperor Meiji rules
Japanese civil war breaks out after Choshu-Satsuma clans rebel against the shogun
Tokyo fire kills over 100,000 started with burning kimono
- Singapore: Becomes British protectorate
Europe
- General: Garibaldi begins "March on Rome" and is defeated by French and papal troops and taken prisoner
- Austria-Hungary: Dual monarchy created by "Ausgleich" (compromise) – Francis Joseph I crowned King of Hungary at Budapest and new Austrian constitution accepts dual system
Reorganization of Habsburg Empire into Austro-Hungary
- France: Paris World's Fair introduces Japanese art to the West
- Great Britain: Disraeli introduces Second Reform Bill - Universal suffrage for working class
Fenian outrages in Ireland and Manchester
British Parliamentary Reform Act
"The Queensberry Rules" by John Graham Chambers and Marquess of Queensberry of the London Amateur Athletic Club regulates boxing
- Prussia: Otto von Bismarck re-organizes Germany under Prussia - N German Confederation founded
Prussia buys mail service from the Thurn und Taxis family
Reclams Universal Bibliothek – paperback series books – started at Leipzig
Ferdinand Bebel becomes first socialist member of N German Reichstag
- Sweden: Nobel invents dynamite
Middle East
Pacific
- Australia: Forced transportation of convicts to penal settlements in Australia ends
Measles outbreak
- Fiji: Thomas Baker eaten
- Midway Island: US acquires land
1867 
