PEACH

History

1869

Population: 1.31 Billion*

Entertainment: Writers include Tolstoy (War and Peace), RD Blackmore (Lorna Doone), Verne writes 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, Flaubert, WS Gilbert, Ludovic Halevy, Bret Harte, Victor Hugo, Mark Twiin, Verlaine, Matthew Arnold (Culture), Walter Bagehot (physics and politics), WEH Lecky (history of morals), JS Mill On the Subjugation of Women,
Art includes Manet's The Execution of EMperor Maximilian of Mexico and The Balcony, Wagner,
Food: Chewing gum patented and US doctor warns it would wear out the salivary glands
Religion: Pius IX declares infallibility of popes at First Vatican Council
Science: Dimitri Ivanovich Mendeleyev completes first periodic table
Francis Galton writes on Eugenics
Darwin writes to Galton
Nature magazine founded
Technology: Barbed wire invented
JW Hyatt invents celluloid
Transportation: Famous clipper ship "Cutty Sark" launched
Deaths: Artist Johann Friedrich Overbeck, Author Alphonse de Lamartine, Composer Karl Loewe, COmposer Hector Berlioz, Historian Charles Austin Sainte-Beuve, Musician Louis Gottschalk,

General: Gustav Nachtigal explores Sudan and Sahara
Egypt: Suez Canal completed linking Mediterranean to Red Sea
South Africa: Diamond found by shepherd boy in South Africa – 83.5 carats later made stone for Countess of Dudley

Canada: Red River Rebellion - provisional government in Rupert's Land to 1870
Métis revolt under Louis Riel fails in Manitoba
Dominion of Newfoundland: Established when they reject confederation with Canada

Austria: First postcards introduced
Education compulsory
Crete: Turkey issues ultimatum and Greece agrees to leave
Czechoslovakia: Skoda workes Polsen Bohemia
France: Parliamentary system reintroduced
Germany: Socialist party developed - adopts Marxist policies
Great Britain: Capital Punishment Act ends hangings
Debtors' prisons are abolished
Irish Church is disestablished
Switzerland: First Nihilist Congress meets at Basel
Avalanche kills 27