PEACH

History

1881

Population: 1.40 Billion*

Entertainment: Writers include Flaubert, Anatole France, Henry James (Portrait of a Lady), Maupassant, A Century of Dishonor Published, Ranke, RL Stevenson, Esward Tylor writes "Anthropology"
Art includes Bocklin, Max Liebermann, Monet (Sunshine and Snow), Renoir
Music includes Brahms, Offenbach (posthumously)
Religion: Vatican archives opened to scholars
Death: Historian Thomas Carlyle, British PM Benjamin Disraeli (Lord Beaconsfield), Musician Henri Vieuxtemps, Feodor Dostoevsky (Fyodor Dostoyevsky), Explorer Isaac Israel Hayes, Musician Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky, Writer Sidney lanier, Explorer GW De Long, Poet AW O'Shaughnessy, Alexander II of Russia

General: Start of "Scrambles for Africa" with France and Tunisia
Egypt: Cholera outbreak
Sudan: Mahdi leads Muslims in holy war
Transvaal: First Boer war ends with Transvaal defeating Britain - Battle of Majuba Hill - Treaty of Pretoria recognizes independence
Tunis: Bey accepts French protectorate status

General: Building of St. Gotthard Tunnel completed
CS Parnell imprisoned
Austria-Hungary: Austro-Serbian treaty of alliance
France: Leon Gambetta named French Prime Minister
First cabaret "Chat Noir" in Paris
Freedom of Press established
Germany: Cholera outbreak
Bismarck introduces social security in Prussia
Great Britain: Storms in Eyemouth Scotland kills 189
S'Oyly Carte builds Savoy Theater in London – lit by electricity
Natural History Museum in London opens
University College of Liverpool founded
Flogging abolished in British military
First Chunnel attempt
Switzerland: Landslide in Elm kills 150
Russia: Assassination of Czar Alexander II in St. Petersburg, Alexander III becomes czar to 1894
Persecution of Jews in Russia begins, emigration after first series of pogroms
Russian Social Democratic Republic forms