General
Population: 1.72 Billion*
- Entertainment: Art includes Picasso (Les Demoiselles d'Avignon) (start of Cubism), Derain, Henri Rousseau, Chagall, Edvard Munch
First Cubist exhibition in Paris
Films include Skating first where titles replace live commentator
Slow-motion effect invented by August Musger
Music includes Rimsky-Korsakov, Delius, Paul Cukas, Oskar Straus, Leo Fall, Franz Lehar (The Merry Widow), Gustav Mahler
Popular songs include Harrigan, Shine On Harvest Moon, On The Road to Mandalay
Writers include Joseph Conrad, Maxim Gorki, Hans Bethge (German translation of Chinese poetry), William James, Strindberg, Jacinto Benavente, Rudyard Kipling
First daily comic Mr. Mutt, later Mutt and Jeff by Bud Fisher
Cambridge history of English literature
- Fashion: First mention of "brassiere" in Vogue magazine
- Religion: Papal encyclical condemns modernism
- Science: Ivan Pavlov studies conditioned reflexes
Harrison develops tissue culture techniques
Fischer writes about the chemistry of proteins
Anschutz and Schuler improve the gyrocompass
Mineral age deduced by radiometric dating by Boltwood
- Sports: Billiards record set for highest break
- Technology: Triode amplifier improves electronics
Bakelite plastic invented
First helicopter flights
Electric washing machine invented
Lumiere develops process for color photography using three-color screen
- Transportation: SS Lusitania and Mauretania launches – breaks transatlantic record with no 5 days 45 minutes
- Deaths: Lord Kelvin (William Thompson), Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleyev, Composer Edward Grieg, Author Sully Prudhomme,
Artist Augustus Saint-Gaudens, Violinist Joseph Joachim,Surgeon Ernst von Bergmann
Africa
- Mozambique: Government of Mozambique organized
- Nyasaland: British renames Central Africa Nyasaland to 1953
Americas
- Bolivia: Butch Cassidy and Sundance reported to be in Bolivia
- Canada: Dominion of Newfoundland established separate from Canada to 1949
- Jamaica: Earthquake
- Nicaratua: US supports revolution
- Panama: Panama Canal started
Rockslides and strikes shut down work in Panama canal zone
Asia
- China: Sun Yat-sen announces program of his Chinese Democratic Republic
Famine kills 24 million
"Open door" agreement in China between France and Japan
- India: Gandhi leads civil disobedience campaign in surrpot of Indian rights
Plague
- Japan: Gentlemen's Agreement
- Korea: Japan granted protectorate over Korea
Emperor Kojong of Korea abdicates – succeeded by son Sujong
- Philippines: Philippines move toward independence from the U.S.
Parliamentary elections in Philippines
- Siam: English and French agree ion Siamese independence
- Sumatra: Dutch complete occupation of Sumatra with defeat of Achinese tribe
Europe
- General: Edward VII visits Tsar Nicholas II
Agreement between Britain and Russia results in Triple Entente in Europe
William II of Germany and Nicholas II of Russia meet at Swinemunde
England signs secret entente with Russia
- Austria: Universal direct suffrage instituted
- France: Cubism movement starts in Paris
- Germany: Prisoner in German jail chews way to freedom through wooden bars in window – 3 months to escape and captured within three weeks
Herero Wars end
Carl Hagenbeck opens modern zoo in Hamburg-Stellingen
- Great Britain: Taxis legally recognized in Britain
William Whiteley founder of London's first department store murdered by blackmailer
Alain Locke becomes first black recipient of Rhodes Scholarship
Parliament rejects Channel Tunnel scheme
Culliman diamond presented to King Edward VII for his birthday
Edward VII in Rome Paris and Marienbad where he meets with Russian Foreign Minister Izvolski
British Eugenics Society forms as Eugenic Education Society
Irish crown jewels disappear
Baden-Powell founds Boy Scout movement
United Methodist Church established in Britain
- Italy: urope's greatest earthquake destroys Messina, Sicily, killing 75,000
Montessori establishes her first preschool in Rome
Crown Princess Louis of Sachsen divorces on grounds of adultery – marries Italian violinist Enrice Toselli
- Netherlands: Second Hague Conference meets – Germany opposes proposed arms limitation
Henry Deterding forms Royal Dutch Shell Company
- Russia: Discontent begins to grow
Second and Third Duma (Durma) (Parliament) in Russia opens spurring 40,000 demonstrators
Lenin leaves Russia and founds newspaper Proletarian
Stalin captures 375 k rubles
Rasputin gains influence at court of Czar Nicholas II
- Spain: Establishment elementary education and freedom of religion
Cubism started by Picasso
- Sweden: King Oscar II dies – son Gustavus V reigns
Middle East
- General: Russia and Britain agree over Middle East
- Persia: Death of Shah as son Mohammed Ali reigns
Pacific
- Arctic: Robert Peary ventures to North Pole
- New Zealand: Named Dominion of UK