General
Population: 1.86 Billion*
- Entertainment: Music includes Stravinsky, Prokofiev, Puccini, Eugene D'Albert, Bartok, Irving Berlin, Rudolf Friml, Hans Pfitzner, Erik Satie, Oh! How I Hate to Get Up in the Morning, K-K-K-Katy, Good Morning Mr. Zip-Zip-Zip!, I'm Always Chasing Rainbows
Art includes Juan Gris, Paul Klee, Oskar Kokoschka, Fernand Leger, Amedeo Modigliani, Edvard Munch, Paul Nash, Matisse, Robert Delauney, Kandinsky, Joan Miro
Films include Ma the Mummy, Carmen, A Dog's Life, Shoulder Arms (Chaplin), The Tenth Symphony
Richard Huelsenbeck starts Dada movement in Germany
Writing includes Willa Cather (My Antonia), Rupert Brooke, Laurence Housman, James Joyce, Thomas Mann, Pinero, Aldous Huxley, SH Lawrence,
HG Wells, Booth Tarkington, Gustav Cassel, Georges Duhamel, Bertrand Russell, Best seller is Blasco-Ibanez's The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse
Mrs. Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge gives first of her music festivals
David Low's cartoons appear in London
Ozenfant and Le Corbusier publish manifesto on purism after cubism
- Medicine: Spanish Flu pandemic outbreak - more dead than from war 20-200 million by end
- Politics: WWI ends – 8.5 million killed in war and 21 million wounded
Wilson's 14 points to end war
Treaty of Versailles includes League of Nations
Congress of Oppressed Nationalities helps to set up governments of E Europe
- Science: Nobel Prize for physics Max Planck (quantum theory)
Ludwig Prandtl German physicist develops wing theory for flight
Harlow Shapley American astronomer discovers dimensions of Milky Way
Sir Arthur Stanley writes about principle of relativity
Controversy over new psychology of Freud and Jung
- Transportation: Railway wreck kills 98 due to brake failure
Worst circus train accident as troop train crashed into stationary train
First airplane flight across Atlantic
- Deaths: Claude Debussy, Red Baron, Czar Nicholas II, Russian "Great Five" composer Cesar Cui, Concrete engineer Otto Wagner,
Dramatist Edmond Rostand, Mohammed V of Turkey, Joyce Kilmer, death of Irish leader John Redmond, Cossack Leader Lavr Kornilov,
Heavyweight boxing champion John L Sullivan, German explorer of Africa Karl Peters
Africa
- German East Africa: Region falls to disorder
Americas
- Canada: Pilot Capt. Sedley falls out of plane, but lands on tail and climbs back to seat
Vilhjalmur Stefansson returns from 5-year journey in Arctic
B.C. quake
- Mexico: Oilfields nationalized
- Puerto Rico: 7.5 quake and tsunami
- Venezuela: Oilfields opened
Asia
- China: Hsu-Shih-Chang president of Chinese Republic
- Hong Kong: Jockey Club collapses – 600 die
- Japan: Invasion of Siberia
Tokyo typhoon
Europe
- General: End of WWI - 11:00 on 11/11 armistice signed
Treaty of Versailles includes League of Nations
Germans eventually defeated at second battle of Marne
Congress of Oppressed Nationalities helps to set up governments of E Europe
- Austria-Hungary: Fall of Habsburgs
Austria becomes a republic - Charles I renoundes all participation in Austrian affairs of state,
Hungarian Premier Count Tisza assassinated – Allies sign armistice with Austria-Hungary
Split of Austrio-Hungary to Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland, and Kingdom of Serbs Croats and Slovenes
- Belgium: Ammunition trains explode killing 1750 German soldiers
- Bulgaria: King Ferndinand of Bulgaria abdicates in favor of his son Boris
- Czechoslovakia: Pittsburgh Agreement between Czechs and Slovaks
Czechoslovakia proclaimed independent republic with TG Masaryk president
- Finland: Gen. Mannerheim named Regent
- France: Germans invade Paris - forced out
Paris opera opens with Faust under bombardments
Republic of Alsace Lorraine transferred from Germany to France
- Germany: Fall of government and social democrats take over forming Weimar Republic
Sailors mutiny
Prince Max of Baden named German Chancellor
Kaiser Wilhelm abdicates
Fall of Hahenzollern family
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk gives much of western Russia to Germany
German fleet Mutinies at Kiel
1388 planes of the German Luftwaffe assembled for attack
Germany suspends submarine warfare
Eugenio Pacelli (later Pius XII) named papal nuncio to the Weimar Republic
German revolutionary Communist Workers' Party (KPD) founded in Berlin by Liebknecht and Luxemburg
End of German kingdoms of Württemberg,
Saxony, Prussia, Bavaria, Baden, Anhalt, Alsace Soviet Republic, and Alsace-Lorraine
Eight-hour day established in Germany
Allies break through German defenses on Hindenburg Line forcing retreat
- Great Britain: Conservatives win government
British RAF replaces RFC
Women over 30 get the vote
Food shortage in Britain leads to national food kitchens and rationing
Canadian flying ace Billy Bishop becomes English and kills 72 in battle
- Iceland: Norway's Christian X also rules Iceland
Iceland becomes sovereign state
- Ireland: Sinn Fein wins vote and establishes own parliament
- Italy: Victory over Austria-Hungary at Battle of Vittorio
- Poland: Republic proclaimed - Josef Pilsudski vested with dictatorial powers and elected chief of state
Poles occupy Posen
Lemko-Rusyn Republic ceded to Poland
- Romania: Peace signed with Central Powers
Transylvania becomes part of Romania
- Russia: Civil war between "White" and "Red" to 1921
Depopulation of towns due to civil war
Execution of Tsar Nicholas II and family
Caucasus and Estonia declare independence
Bolsheviks sign treaty of Bresst-Litovsk
Soviets lead from Moscow
Attempted assassination of Lenin in Moscow
Russia drops Russian calendar and adopts Gregorian
American troops try to reestablish old regime
Second Moscow U founded
Typhus outbreak
Temporary creation of Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic, Perloja, and Lithuania
- Yugoslavia: Montenegro unites with Serbia
Serbo-Croatian-Slovene Kingdom of Yugoslavia pronounced
Middle East
- General: Arab revolt ends
- Iraq: Under British rule as Mesopotamia
Leonard Woolley begins Babylonian excavations
- Ottoman Empire: Collapse - see also Turkey
- Palestine: Battle of Megiddo - British break Turkish line
Lawrence of Arabia leads revolt
Collapse of TUrkish resistance
- Syria: Emir Faisal proclaims Syrian state - king in 1920
- Turkey: Loses Cyprus
Mohammed V dies and Sultan Mohammad VI ascends throne
Armistice signed
Pacific
- Australia: Collapse (?)
- Tonga: Queen Salote becomes queen