General
Population: 2.45 Billion*
- Archaeology: Francis Steele reconstructs laws of Hammurabi from Nippur excavations
- Entertainment: Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank published
Tennessee Williams publishes A Streetcar Named Desire
Albert Camus publishes The Plague
Writers include JB Priestley, Sinclair Lewis, Thomas Mann, John Steinbeck
Art includes Le Corbusier, Kokoschka, Matisse, death of French painter Pierre Bonnard
Music includes Carl Orff, Gian Carlo Menotti
Maria Callas makes her debut in opera
- Fashion: Christian Dior introduces his post-war fashions in Paris including long-skirted "new look"
- Politics: Doomsday clock created
Cold War begins
- Science: X-Ray photos of proteins
Willard Libby develops radiocarbon dating
PMS Blackett advances theory that all massive rotating bodies are magnetic
- Technology: Shockley Bardeen and Brattain invent the transistor
Charles Yeager surpasses speed of sound
Edwin Land demonstrates Polaroid camera
- Deaths: Al Capone, Henry Ford, Max Planck, Ettore Bugatti, Willa Cather, English mathematician Alfred North Whitehead,
Chemist Frederick G Hopkins
Africa
Americas
- General: Truman announces doctrine of Communist containment
- Nicaragua: Cerro Negro erupts
- Peru: Kon-Tiki raft sails from mainland to Marquesa Islands
Asia
- Burma: Independence from Britain and leaves Commonwealth - renamed Myanmar
- Netherlands-Indonesian union formed
- China: US withdraws
- India: Independence with Nehru president
Indian Princely States merges with British India
British India partitioned to India and Pakistan - Kashmir state (Indian Princely States) ceded to India
- Indonesia: Unites States of Indonesia established
Cheribon Agreement between Dutch and Indonesians
- Japan: Democratic constitution made
- Philippines: Becomes republic
Europe
- General: East Europe comes under Communist power
US attempts to stall Communist expansion in Europe
Marshal Plan for European recovery announced
Belgium Netherlands and Luxembourg ratify Benelux customs union
- Czechoslovakia: Ex-President Tiso of Slovakia executed
- France: Vincent Auriol elected President
Peace treaties signed in Paris with Italy, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria, and Finland
- Germany: Walter Felsenstein becomes head of Komische Opera in Berlin
Black market prices rise in Berlin
End of independent German state of Prussia
Four-power conference on Germany fails to reach agreement
- Great Britain: Coal industry nationalized
Foundation of Edinburgh Festival
British establish atomic pile
Princess Elizabeth heir to English throne marries Philip Mountbatten duke of Edinburgh
Advisory Committee on Scientific Policy set up
British racing driver John Cobb establishes ground record of 394.196 mph
Most severe winter since 1894
- Iceland: Eruption
- Italy: Post-war treaty strips Italy of new lands
Start of Free Territory of Trieste to 1954
- Norway: Explorer Thor Heyerdahl launches Kon Tiki expedition from Peru to Polynesia
- Poland: Cominform established at Warsaw conference
- Romania: King Michael abdicates
- Soviet Union: Kremlin establishes puppet regiemes
Famine
Siberian meteorite strike raises huge cloud
AK 47 Kalashnikov rifle developed from assault rifle of 1944
- Spain: Pablo Casals vows not to play in public as long as Franco is in power
- Yugoslavia: Cominform (Commie Info Bureau) set up at Belgrade
Middle East
- Pakistan: Independence from Britain
- Palestine: Dead Sea Scrolls discovered in Wadi Qumran
Partitioning of Palestine into Arab and Jewish states rejected by Arab States
Israel declared a state
Pacific
- General: Norwegian Thor Heyerdahl makes Kon Tiki voyage to Polynesia
- New Zealand: Ballantyne's Department Store fire kills 41