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General

Population: Between 190 and 230 million*

• Medicine: Rome in contact with Greek medicine through prisoners of war (265 BC)
• Technology: Archimedes invents Archimedean screw and defines specific gravity (265 BC)
• Warfare: First Punic War between Rome and Carthage (264 BC - 261 BC)
• Deaths: Philemon the Greek commedian (263 BC)

Asia

• India: Mauryan ruler Ashoka conquers Kalinga (265 BC)
  King Ashoka becomes Buddhist and sends Buddhist missionaries to region (269-260 BC)

Europe

• Greece: Athens taken by Antigonus II Gonatas (268 BC)
• Roman Empire: First appearance of Roman coin - the Denarius (268 BC)
  Calabria conquered by Romans (266 BC)
  Italian peninsula acknowledges supremacy of Rome (265 BC)
  First appearance of Roman gladiators in public combat (264 BC)
  Start of Roman expansion outside of Italy (264 BC)