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General

Population: About 162 million*

• Births: Sophocles the Greek dramatist (496 BC), Pericles (495 BC), Zeno of Elea the disciple of Parminides (490 BC)
• Entertainment: Conducius writes (495 BC)
• Science: Length of lunar month discovered in Babylon (499 BC)
• Warfare: Start of century of Persian-Greek wars (499 BC)
  Athenian Greeks defeat Persian attack at Battle of marathon (490 BC)
• Deaths: Tarquin the Latin (498 BC), Pythagoras of Greece (497 BC), Anacreon the Greek poet (495 BC), Phidippedes the first Marathon runner (490 BC)

Americas

• North America: Woodworking increases along west coast of Alaska and Canada (490 BC)

Europe

• General: Militiades flees to Athens (493 BC)
• Cyprus: Vouni Palace erected (494 BC)
• Greece: Sardis burned by Athenians (499 BC)
  Ionian War begins when Ionians rebel against Persians (499 BC)
  The city of Persepolis founded by Darius is razed (494 BC)
  Ionian War ends with capture of Miletus (494 BC)
  Dionysus' Theater in Athens built (493 BC)
  Start of internal Greek struggles (490 BC)
  Wars with Persia begin (490 BC)
  Phidippedes carries message the 26 miles from Marathon to Athens and dies (490 BC)
  Battle of Marathon (490 BC)
• Italian States: Tarquin defeated and killed at Battle of lake Regillus (498 BC)
  Temple of Saturn built at Rome (498 BC)
  Romans defeat Latins at lake Regillus (496 BC)
  Plebians in Rome revolt and win rights from patricians (494 BC)
  Latin League fights against Etruscans - plebians win and elect tribunate (494 BC)
  Treaty between Rome and Latin League for mutual help throughout latium against Etruscans (493 BC)
  Romans conquer Coriolo (493 BC)
  Coriolanus banished from Rome (491 BC)

Middle East

• Persia: Darius sacks Miletus ending Ionian revolt (494 BC)
  Darius I demands earth and water from Greece as a tribute (492 BC)
  Mardonius leads first Persian expedition against Athens and is defeated by storm (492 BC)
  War with Greece (490 BC)