General
Population: Perhaps 100 million*
- Religion: End of jewish captivity (538 - 536 BC)
Death of Taoist leader Lao Tzu (531 BC)
- Warfare: Persia defeats Babylon and takes Phoenicia and Judah (539 BC)
Greeks defeat Carthaginians (539 BC)
- Deaths: Servius Tullius King of Rome (535 BC)
Lao Tzu (founder of Taoism) (531 BC),
Cyrus of Persia (in battle) 530 BC
Europe
- Greece: Milo of Crotona becomes six-time champion of Olympics (536 BC)
Red-figure pottery invented in Athens (530 BC)
- Italian States: Death of King Servius tullius (535 BC)
Tarquinius Superbus becomes last king of Rome (Tarquin the Proud) to 510 (534 BC)
Middle East
- General: Persia conquers Babylonia - Cyrus over Belshazzar - fire destroys thousands in Babylon plus hanging gardens (539 - 538 BC)
- Iran: End of Kingdom of Elam (539 BC)
- Judaea: Cyrus frees the Jews - they begin to return (538 - 536 BC)
- Persia: Cyrus frees the Jews in Babylon (536 BC)
Death of Cyrus of Persia in battle and son Cambyses II rules (530 BC)