General
End of the Permian to Late Cretaceous
- Animals: Sea urchins appear (240 MYA)
Evolutionary split between dinosaurs and lizards - ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs populate seas - early dinosaurs (235 BC)
Roaches and termites (230 BC)
Bees and the proto-mammal Adelobasileus
First evidence of mammals with Morganucodon
Dinosaurs, small mammals, first birds and lizards, primitive crocodiles and pterosaurs (200 MYA)
Archaeopteryx (150 MYA)
Split between marsupial and eutherian mammals (166-148 MYA)
Increase of insect varieties, modern fish, modern sharks, Archaeopteryx present, primitive birds, monotremes and marsupials (146 MYA)
Primitive kangaroos evolve (136 MYA)
Crocodiles appear (110 MYA)
Modern mammals and birds begin (105 BC)
Primitive cranes (100 MYA)
- Chronology: Start of Middle Epoch of Triassic Period (245 MYA)
Start of Late Epoch of Triassic (228 MYA)
End of Triassic and beginning of Jurassic Period (Early Epoch) (200 MYA)
Start of Middle Epoch of Jurassic Period (176 MYA)
Start of Late Epoch of Jurassic Period (161 MYA)
End of Jurassic Period and start of Cretaceous (146 MYA)
Start of Late Epoch of Cretaceous Period (100 MYA)
- Climate: CO2 levels 4-5 times current - melting of polar ice (200 MYA)
Global warming starts - CO2 levels 550 to 590 ppm (120 MYA)
No polar ice (105 BC)
- Earth: Modern ferns evolve (225 MYA)
Mass extinction due to oceanic anoxic event - 20% of marine families die (201 BC)
Pangaea breaks up (200 MYA)
Gymnosperms, cycads, conifers, and ginkgoes dominate (200 MYA)
North America separates from Africa (180 MYA)
Laurasia and Gondwanaland break up (150 MYA)
Active movement of crustal plates (145 MYA)
Flowering plants appear (142, 134, or 120 MYA)
Atlantic ocean forms (105 MYA)
Magnetic field three times stronger than today (100 MYA)
North
- Meteor impact in Quebec (214 MYA)
Meteor impact in Russia (167 MYA)
Rockies form (146 MYA)
South
- Gondwana breaks up (146 MYA)
Meteor impact in South Africa (145 MYA)
Meteor impact in Australia (133 MYA)
Africa and India separate from Antarctica (125 MYA)
South America breaks from Africa (105 MYA)