History
1260
General
Population: 419 Million*
- Entertainment: Cimabue creates "Madonna" for Trinita church in Florence
First mastersinger school created in Mainz
- Religion: First flagellant religious movements in southern Germany and N Italy
- Science: Roger Bacon of England describes laws of reflection and refraction
Africa
- Egypt: Mamluk commander Baybars takes over as sultan of Egypt - old sultan murdered
Asia
- China: Khublai grandson of Genghis becomes Great Khan – elected by army at Shan-tu - start Yuan Dynasty
End of Mongol wars with 300,000 dead
Europe
- General: Bohemian-Hungarian Wars kill 2000
- France: Chartres cathedral consecrated
- Germany: Hanseatic League formed
- Italy: Florentine Ghibellines defeat Guelphs at Montaperti
Polo family sets out for China – 1 generation before Marco
Middle East
- Byzantine Empire: Michael VIII becomes Byzanatine emperor
- Iraq: End of Abbasid dynasty at Baghdad
- Palestine: Battle of Ain Jalut – Mongols halted by Mamluks in Palestine