History
1638
General
Population: 544 Million*
- Entertainment: Writers include John Ford The Ladies Trial, Niccolo Sabbatini, Joost van den Vondel (historical drama),
William Chillingworth (Protestantism),
Art includes Nicolas Poussin "Et in Arcadia ego", Reubens "The Three Graces", Van Dyck "Lords John and Bernard Stuart"
Music includes Monteverdi (Eighth book of English madrigals),
- Science: Galileo writes "Discorsi e Dimonstrazioni Matematiche"
- Deaths: Artist Pieter Brueghel the Younger, Artist Adriaen Brouwer, Theologian Cornelius Jansen (father of Jansenism)
Asia
- General: Mt. Peak on Timor explodes and is replaced by lake
- India: Taj Mahal completed
- Japan: Japan closes itself to foreigners - Portuguese traders expelled
Shimbara uprising of 40,000 Christians against shogun's army - Christians slaughtered
Europe
- General: Franco-Swedish alliance renewed for three years
- England: Tornado crushes church and kills 50
Torture abolished
Unidentified fever outbreak
"Great Thunderstorm strikes church with rare ball lightning killing at least 4 and injuring 60
- German States: Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar takes Freiburg and defeats Duke of Lorraine at Senhaim and conquers Breisach
Elector of Brandenburg moves capital to Konigsberg
Soldier-student becomes common type in Germany
- Holland: Schouwburg Theater opens in Amsterdam
- Scotland: Scottish Covenant drawn up and signed – Charles I abandons liturgy and canons in Scotland
harles attempts to reorganize Scottish church after English, but Scots refuse Presbyterianism,
Middle East
- Iraq: Turks conquer Baghdad
- Ottoman Empire: Murad IV of Turkey (Ottoman) recovers Baghdad from Persia
General
- First printing press reaches North America
East
- Connecticut: New Haven founding
- Delaware: Delaware founded as New Sweden
- Rhode Island: Anne Hutchinson leader of New England Antinomians banished from Boston MA and sets up community in RI
- Robert Smith, Joseph's first paternal ancestor to leave England arrives in Massachusetts