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General

Population: Between 190 and 230 million*

• Entertainment: Chinese octave subdivided into 60 notes (38 BC)
  Laocoon marble sculpture created (38 BC)
  Virgil begins writing the Aeneid (30 BC)
• History: Livy writes history of Rome (30 BC)
• Technology: Chinese invent sundial (30 BC)
• Deaths: Roman triumvirate Pompey (36 BC), Roman historian and author Sallust (35 BC), Cleopatra (29, 30, or 31 BC), Marc Antony (29-31 BC)

Africa

• Egypt: Marc antony returns to Egypt (38 BC)
  Suicides of Antony and Cleopatra (29 or 30 BC)
  Egypt becomes Roman losing last Hellenistic Kingdom and Ptolemaic Dynasty (30 BC)

Americas

• General: Dissenter Nephites join Lamanite forces as pride enters Church (38 BC)
  Lehi and Nephi in prison - hear the voice of Christ (30 BC)
• Mesoamerica: Earliest known calendar inscriptions (31 BC)

Europe

• Roman Empire: Second triumvirate renewed (37 BC)
  Marc Antony becomes bigamist by marrying Cleopatra (37 BC)
  Octavian's fleet defeats Pompey's fleet - death of Pompey (36 BC)
  Dalmatia becomes Roman province (34 BC)
  Antony divorces Octavia and brother Octavian declares war on Antony and Cleopatra (32 BC)
  Julius' nephew Octavius ends civil wars at Battle of Actium (29 BC)
  End of Roman triumvirate (29-31 BC) with 75,000 dead
  Octavius renamed Augustus and becomes first emperor (30 BC)
  Pantheon started (30 BC)

Middle East

• Judaea: Herod the Edomite (the Great) becomes king (37 BC)