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General

Population: Between 190 and 230 million*

• Births: Tiberius Caesar, Ovid
• Chronology: Julian calendar introduced (46-45 BC)
• Entertainment: Caesar (or Cicero) presents "De bello civili" (47 BC)
• Politics: Herod goes to Egypt and meets with Cleopatra, then Rome to meet with Marc Antony (40 BC)
• Deaths: Pompey (47 BC), Cato the Younger (46 BC), Roman orator Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated(43 BC), Marcus Junius Brutus (42 BC), Cassius (42 BC)

Africa

• Egypt: Cleopatra VII (THE Cleopatra) becomes mistress of Caesar(47 BC)
  Library of Ptolemy I of Alexandra destroyed by fire (47 BC)
  Africa becomes Roman province (46 BC)

Americas

• Nephite groups migrate northward (49 BC)

Europe

• Britain: Roman army invades and rules until 410 AD (43 BC)
• Roman Empire: Roman civil war as Caesar crosses Rubicon to retake from Pompey (49 BC)
  Pompey defeated by Caesar at Pharsalia (Greece) - Caesar proclaims "Veni Vidi Vici" (48-7 BC)
  Pompey murdered by order of Cleopatra (47 BC)
  Caesar returns to Rome with Cleopatra and crushes a mutiny - defeats Pompey's son Sextus in Africa (46 BC)
  Julius Caesar adopts nephew Gaius Octavius as heir (45 BC)
  Caesar becomes dictator and introduces Julian Calendar (45 BC)
  Caesar defeats Sextus son of Pompey (45 BC)
  End of wars of First Triumvirate with 75,000 dead (45 BC)
  Julius Caesar names self emperor for life (44 BC)
  Caesar assassinated by Brutus and Cassius Longinus (44 BC)
  Second Roman triumvirate formed with Marc Antony, Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, and Gaius Octavius(44/43 BC) and wars begin
  Suicides of marcus Junius Brutus (Cato's nephew and son-in-law) and Cassius commit suicide after capture by triumvirate (42 BC)
  Julius Caesar deified and temple erected to him in forum where he was murdered (42 BC)
  Marc Antony marries Octavian's sister Octavia (40 BC)

Middle East

• Judaea: Antipater becomes procurator (47 BC)
  Herod becomes governor (47 BC)
  Antipater II poisoned in Idumea (43 BC)
  Herod the Great declared king (40 BC)
  Parthians invade Judea and Antigonus named last Hasmonean king (40 BC)