PEACH

History

1642

Population: 545 Million*

Entertainment: Writers include Corneille (comedy), Johann Amos Comenius (school reformation), Thomas Fuller (holy and profane states), Thomas Hobbes De cive, James Howell (foreign travel)
Art includes Rembrandt "The Night Watch"
Religion: Pope Urban VIII issues bull reducing annual feast days to 32 – at instigation of Jesuits he also condemns Jansen's "Augustinus"
Technology: Blaise Pascal invents calculating machine
Deaths: Galileo Galilei (and birth of Newton), Composer Marco da Gagliano, Artist Guido Reni, Cardinal Richelieu

, , U of Ancona founded,

General: France succeeds Spain as foremost nation of Europe
Second battle of Leipzig – Swedish victory
England: Charles I marches to Westminster to arrest five members of the Commons (military police) – attempt fails and he flees with family to Hampton Court – Queen Henrietta Maria leaves England for Holland
First Civil war in England to 1646/51 between Royalists (Cavaliers) and Puritans (Roundheads), Scotland and Ireland involved for five years
Pym in Parliament maintains power and London turns against him
Royal standard raised at Nottingham - Earl of Essex opposes - Indecisive battle of Edgehill - Cavaliers take Marlborough and Roundheads take Winchester
All theaters in England closed by order of the Puritans
Thomas Lechford makes English political survey
Income and property tax introduced
France: Cardinal Richelieu dies – succeeded as first minister by Italian-born Cardinal Mazarin
Loire-Seine canal finished
Mansart constructs Maisons Lafitte near Paris
Hope diamond in Europe with Jean Baptiste Tafernier
Holy Roman Empire: Imperial army defeated at Kempten Schweidnitz and Breitenfeld
Monteverd's work presented at Europe's second opera house in Venice
Spain: Rampant inflation

New Zealand: Dutchman Abel Tasman discovers New Zealand - names it Van Diemen's Land
Tasmania: Abel Tasman reaches Tasmania
Tonga: Tasman lands on Tonga